Definition: Solid carbon dioxide (CO₂) at -78.5°C, used as non-mechanical refrigerant for shipping and emergency cooling.
Properties:
- Sublimes directly from solid to gas (no liquid phase at atmospheric pressure)
- Extremely cold (-78.5°C)
- Heavier than air (CO₂ sinks, creating asphyxiation risk)
- Approximately 1-3% weight loss per 24 hours (sublimation)
Applications:
- Pharmaceutical shipping (vaccines, biologics)
- Seafood transport (especially air freight)
- Emergency backup cooling
- Food processing (grinding, chilling)
Usage Rate: Approximately 10-30 kg dry ice per 100 kg product for 24-48 hours (depends on insulation quality and ambient temperature)
Safety Considerations:
- Asphyxiation risk in enclosed spaces (requires ventilation)
- Cold burn hazard (wear insulated gloves)
- Classified as dangerous goods (UN 1845) for air transport
- Never seal dry ice in airtight container (pressure buildup risk)
Cost: R15-35 per kilogram (varies by supplier and volume)
Related Terms: Cryogenic, Phase Change Material, Sublimation, Dangerous Goods
Find Suppliers: Dry ice suppliers (typically Afrox, Air Products)