Definition: Transport and storage using ultra-low temperatures achieved with dry ice (-78.5°C) or liquid nitrogen (-196°C) instead of mechanical refrigeration.
Applications:
- Biological samples and medical specimens
- Certain vaccines and pharmaceuticals
- High-value seafood (sashimi-grade tuna)
- Emergency cooling when mechanical systems fail
Dry Ice Considerations:
- CO₂ sublimation creates asphyxiation risk (requires ventilation)
- Approximately 1-3% sublimation per 24 hours in good insulation
- Classified as dangerous goods (UN 1845) for transport
- Typical usage: 10-30 kg dry ice per 100 kg product for 24-48 hours
Liquid Nitrogen Considerations:
- Extreme cold burn hazard
- Higher cost than dry ice
- Requires specialized insulated containers (dewars)
- Primarily used for biological materials, not food
Regulatory: Dry ice and LN₂ transport subject to dangerous goods regulations
Related Terms: Dry Ice, Liquid Nitrogen, Cryogenic Temperature, Deep Frozen
Find Suppliers: Dry ice and cryogenic gas suppliers